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Anarchism in Ireland
Leaving aside the related tradition of syndicalism in Ireland, associated with figures like James Connolly, Irish anarchism had little historical tradition before the 1970s. As a movement it only really developed from the late 1990s – although one organisation, the Workers Solidarity Movement has had a continuous existence since 1984. Anarchists have been active in Ireland as far back as 1886, but these were short-lived groups or isolated individuals with large gaps between activity.
== Origins ==
The first mention of an Irish connection to anarchism was the Boston-based Irish nationalist W.G.H. Smart, who wrote articles for ''The Anarchist'' in 1880 and 1881.〔''The Raven'' no.6〕 In 1886, Michael Gabriel, an English anarchist, arrived in Dublin and moved to Bayview Avenue in the North Strand. He was a member of the Socialist League, an organisation whose members included libertarian Marxist William Morris and anarchist Joseph Lane. A branch of the League was formed and it is known that anarchist publications were among those distributed by them. Around the same time, George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950) wrote the article "What's in a name (how an anarchist might put it)" at the request of Charlotte Wilson for issue no. 1 of ''The Anarchist'' in 1885. Shaw had been taught French by the Communard Richard Deck, who introduced him to Proudhon. Later he was embarrassed by unauthorised reprints, as he was a Fabian socialist, not an anarchist. Irish writer Oscar Wilde notably expressed anarchist sympathies, especially in his essay ''The Soul of Man under Socialism〔Goodway, David. ''Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow''. Liverpool University Press, 2006, pp. 62–92〕
Around 1890 John Creaghe, an Irish doctor who was joint founder (with Fred Charles), of ''The Sheffield Anarchist'', took part in the "no rent" agitation before leaving Sheffield in 1891. He went on to become the founding editor in Argentina of the anarchist paper, ''El Oprimido'', which was one of the first to support the "organisers" current (as opposed to refusal to organise large scale organisations). In 1892 English anarchists visited Fred Allen at the Dublin independent offices to see if his Fair Trial Fund could be used for anarchist as well as Irish Republican Brotherhood prisoners.〔Owen McGee in ''The IRB'', p. 216; based on Dublin Metropolitan Police report〕 In 1894 at Trinity College Dublin's Fabian Society "over 200 students listened sympathetically" to a lecture on "Anarchism and Darwinism"〔Owen McGee in ''The IRB'', p. 218; based on Dublin police report〕
In the 20th century Captain Jack White was active as an anarchist in the 1930s after returning from the Spanish Revolution.〔(Jack White: Irish Anarchist who organised Irish Citizens Army )〕〔White, Captain Jack. ''Misfit : An Autobiography''. Dublin: Livewire publications, 2005 (2nd ed.)〕
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